Norms and hypotheses of gandhian ethics and strategy of group struggle
pp. 1087-1130
in: , The selected works of Arne Naess, Berlin, Springer, 2005Abstract
Any normative, systematic ethics containing a perfectly general norm against violence will be called an ethics of nonviolence. The content will show variation according to the kind of concept of violence adopted. In order to do justice to the thinking of Gandhi, the term violence must be viewed broadly. It must cover not only open, physical violence but also the injury and psychic terror present when people are subjugated, repressed, coerced, and exploited. Further, it must clearly encompass all those sorts of exploitation that indirectly have personal repercussions that limit the selfrealization of others.